Case Studies

Merck/Codexis Magic: Biocatalytic Synthesis of Islatravir

We all knew process scientists were good, but the Merck and Codexis teams just took it to another level!  Unnatural nucleosides like Merck’s reverse transcriptase inhibitor islatravir (1, Figure 1) are well-known to be challenging to synthesize by traditional methods, as evidenced by several published chemical syntheses of this molecule requiring a dozen steps or …

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A Polarized C-H···O Interaction Against IRAK4

The C-H — O hydrogen bond is so well established in structural biology today, that it’s been overlooked that the C-H — O hydrogen bond was first proposed by a woman, June Sutor, in a 1960’s Nature article.[note]Sutor, D. J. “The C-H … O Hydrogen Bond in Crystals.” Nature, 1962, 195, 68-69. https://www.nature.com/articles/195068a0.pdf[/note]  Her commentary …

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Adventures in Atropisomerism: A Case Study from BMS

BMS-986142 is a reversible BTK inhibitor with two axial stereocenters.  BMS synthetic chemists were able to make >200 kilos of this compound as a single isomer using this route.  Wow. Atropisomers are a nightmare in drug discovery.  Axial stereocenters are not easy to set predictably, separation of isomers is a pain, and the products are …

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That Jimmy Carter Drug

Checkpoint inhibitors like pembrolizumab (Keytruda) have revolutionized treatment for many late-stage cancer patients, including Jimmy Carter. Recently, Keytruda stunned the world again with efficacy in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, the leading cancer killer. Here’s a summary of its recent successes and the surprising path Keytruda took through two acquisitions and the Merck “out-license” list. …

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